Return to content in this issue

 

Differences in Molecular Sensitization Profiles Between Spanish and Latin American Mite-Allergic Patients

Calzada D1, Bartra J2, Serrano CD3, Riggioni S4, Moran E5, Maselli JP5, Silva DL3, Ramirez LF3, Pascal M6, Carnés J1, Valero A7

1Unidad I+D, LETI Pharma. S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
2Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Barcelona, RICORS, Spain
3Unidad de Alergia, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
4Centro Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Alergia, San José, Costa Rica
5Universidad Rafael Landívar, Facultad de Medicina, Cátedra de Inmunología, Guatemala City, Guatemala
6Servicio de Inmunología, CDB, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Barcelona, RICORS, Barcelona, Spain
7Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2025; Vol 35(2) : 114-121
doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0968

Objective: To analyze sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to investigate the association between diagnostic findings and clinical severity in 218 allergic patients from 2 continents.
Methods: Mite-allergic patients were recruited by allergology departments in Latin America (n=88: Colombia, Costa Rica, and Guatemala) and Spain (n=130). All patients had allergic rhinitis with or without asthma and positive skin prick test results to D pteronyssinus. Specific IgE levels to D pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 23 were quantified using ImmunoCAP (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The allergenic profile was also determined by Western blotting. A comparative statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad software.
Results: Patients most frequently recognized Der p 2 (79%), followed by Der p 1 (73%) and Der p 23 (69%). The percentage of patients with asthma increased with the number of sensitizations; however, no statistically significant differences were found. Interestingly, patients with asthma presented the highest median levels of total IgE and specific IgE for D pteronyssinus and molecular allergens, mainly Der p 2. Analysis of both populations revealed that Spanish patients were predominantly sensitized to Der p 2 (88.46%) and Der p 1 (83.84%), whereas Latin American patients were more sensitized to Der p 23.
Conclusions: Our data support the relevance of Der p 2 as the major allergen in mite allergy. A large percentage of patients are sensitized to this allergen, which plays a key role in the development of asthma. Sensitization to Der p 23 was more relevant in Latin America.

Key words: House dust mites, Sensitization profile, Component-resolved molecular diagnosis, Specific IgE, Allergic asthma, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus