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Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis in French Emergency Departments
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; Vol. 29(5): 357-364
© 2019 Esmon Publicidad
doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0348
Table 2.
Cases of Anaphylaxis: Characteristics and Demographic Data
Demographic Data
Children (<18 y)
Adults (≥18 y)
Total (0-88 y)
P
Value
a
n=106 (32.8%)
n=217 (67.2%)
N=323 (100.0%)
Gender
Male
65 (61.3%)
119 (54.8%)
184 (57.0%)
Female
41 (38.7%)
98 (45.2%)
139 (43.0%)
.27
Manifestations
Cutaneous
95 (89.6%)
202 (93.1%)
297 (92.0%)
.28
Respiratory
69 (65.1%)
141 (65.0%)
210 (65.0%)
.98
Upper airway
51 (48.1%)
91 (41.9%)
142 (44.0%)
.29
Lower airway
45 (42.5%)
93 (42.9%)
138 (42.7%)
.95
Cardiovascular and/or
loss of consciousness
36 (34.0%)
98 (45.2%)
134 (41.5%)
.06
Gastrointestinal
47 (44.3%)
60 (27.6%)
107 (33.1%)
.002
Biphasic reaction
8 (7.5%)
8 (3.7%)
16 (5.0%)
.13
Severity
b
Grade I
22 (20.8%)
47 (21.7%)
69 (21.4%)
.85
Grade II
37 (34.9%)
69 (31.8%)
106 (32.8%)
.58
Grade III
47 (44.3%)
99 (45.6%)
146 (45.2%)
.83
Grade IV
0 (0.0%)
2 (0.9%)
2 (0.6%)
.32
Cofactors
Asthma
36 (34.0%)
25 (11.5%)
61 (18.9%)
<.001
Cardiovascular disease
3 (2.8%)
31 (14.3%)
34 (10.5%)
.002
Alcohol intake
0 (0.0%)
11 (5.1%)
11 (3.4%)
.002
Associated drugs
1 (0.9%)
65 (30.0%)
66 (20.4%)
<.001
β-blockers
0 (0.0%)
23 (10.6%)
23 (7.1%)
<.001
NSAIDs or aspirin
0 (0.0%)
29 (13.4%)
29 (9.0%)
<.001
ACEIs or ARBs
0 (0.0%)
39 (18.0%)
39 (12.1%)
<.001
PPIs
1 (0.9%)
20 (9.2%)
21 (6.5%)
.005
Etiology
Drugs
7 (6.6%)
76 (35.0%)
83 (25.7%)
.001
ß-Lactams
2 (1.9%)
37 (17.1%)
39 (12.1%)
<.001
Other antibiotics
0 (0.0%)
8 (3.7%)
8 (2.5%)
.045
NSAIDs
2 (1.9%)
7 (3.2%)
9 (2.8%)
.49
Radiocontrast agents
0 (0.0%)
14 (6.4%)
14 (4.3%)
.008
Other or unidentified
3 (2.8%)
10 (4.6%)
13 (4.0%)
.45
Food
82 (77.4%)
55 (25.3%)
137 (42.4%)
<.001
Peanut and nuts
29 (27.3%)
9 (4.1%)
38 (11.8%)
<.001
Hen egg
6 (5.7%)
1 (0.5%)
7 (2.1%)
.003
Cow milk
9 (8.5%)
0 (0.0%)
9 (2.8%)
<.001
Fish and meat
4 (3.8%)
5 (2.3%)
9 (2.8%)
0.45
Shellfish
2 (1.9%)
17 (7.8%)
19 (5.9%)
.03
Other or unidentified
32 (30.2%)
23 (10.6%)
55 (17.0%)
<.001
Insect sting
10 (9.4%)
65 (30.0%)
75 (23.2%)
<.001
Undetermined
4 (3.8%)
21 (9.7%)
25 (7.8%)
.06
Other
3 (2.8%)
0 (0.0%)
3 (0.9%)
.01
Previous history of anaphylaxis
28 (26.4%)
37 (17.1%)
65 (20.1%)
.049
Serum tryptase measurement
8 (7.5%)
33 (15.2%)
41 (12.7%)
.05
Treatment
Use of epinephrine
12 (11.3%)
44 (20.3%)
56 (17.3%)
.045
Administration route
Intravenous
2 (1.9%)
20 (9.2%)
22 (6.8%)
.01
Intramuscular
5 (4.7%)
4 (1.9%)
9 (2.8%)
.14
Subcutaneous
0 (0.0%)
5 (2.3%)
5 (1.5%)
.12
Inhaled
4 (3.8%)
7 (3.2%)
11 (3.4%)
.07
Unknown
1 (0.9%)
8 (3.7%)
9 (2.8%)
.16
By severity
b
Grade I
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
–
Grade II
3 (8.1%)
5 (7.2%)
8 (7.5%)
.87
Grade
III
9 (19.1%)
39 (38.6%)
48 (32.4%)
.02
Systemic antihistamine
89 (84.0%)
195 (89.9%)
284 (87.9%)
.13
Systemic corticosteroid
91 (85.8%)
184 (84.8%)
275 (85.1%)
.80
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